The paper won a landmark press freedom decision in Miami Herald Publishing Co v Tornillo (1974) in the case a political candidate Pat Tornillo Jr had requested that the Herald print his rebuttal to an editorial criticizing him citing Florida's "right-to-reply" law which mandated that newspapers print such responses Represented by longtime counsel Dan Paul the Herald challenged the law and the case was appealed to the Supreme Court the Court unanimously overturned the Florida statute under the Press Freedom Clause of the First Amendment ruling that "Governmental compulsion on a newspaper to publish that which 'reason' tells it should not be published is unconstitutional." the decision showed the limitations of a 1969 decision Red Lion Broadcasting Co v Federal Communications Commission in which a similar "Fairness Doctrine" had been upheld for radio and television and establishing that broadcast and print media had different Constitutional protections. Class of 1997 FIU has three museums the Frost Art Museum the Wolfsonian-FIU Museum and the Jewish Museum of Florida the Frost Art Museum is located on Modesto A Maidique campus and was opened in 1977 as the Art Museum at Florida International University the Frost Art Museum's Permanent Collection consists of a broad array of art objects from ancient cultural artifacts to contemporary works of art the Wolfsonian-FIU Museum is located in Miami Beach and promotes the collection preservation and understanding of decorative art and design from the period from 1885 to 1945 FIU also has a large sculpture collection named the Sculpture Park at FIU with sculptures from such prominent artists as Anthony Caro Jacques Lipchitz Daniel Joseph Martinez and Tony Rosenthal Many different art structures statues paintings and mosaics can be seen throughout campus in gardens buildings walkways and on walls, (15.3) 66.9 10 External links Westview African American labor played a crucial role in Miami's early development During the early 20th century migrants from the Bahamas and African-Americans constituted 40 percent of the city's population.:25 Despite their role in the city's growth their community was limited to a small space When landlords began to rent homes to African-Americans around Avenue J (what would later become NW Fifth Avenue) a gang of white men with torches marched through the neighborhood and warned the residents to move or be bombed.:33. Southern rap is a category of hip hop music that arose from the influences of hip hop culture in New York City and California in the late 1990s in cities such as Miami New Orleans Atlanta Memphis Houston and Dallas Miami and Southern Florida are a major hub and driving force for Southern rap Floridian artists such as Plies Epitaph DJ Laz Trick Daddy Pitbull Flo Rida Stack$ JT Money Carl Lovett Rick Ross Trina Jacki-O Gold Rush Pretty Ricky and 2 Live Crew. . . ! Main article: Miami accent 1880 269,493 43.5% In July 2011 Downtown's office vacancy rate was reported at 21% dropping from a high of 26% in mid-2010 Downtown also reported an average commercial asking rate of $36.33 making it the eighth-highest in the nation after Manhattan Washington DC Fairfield County Connecticut San Francisco and Boston. Main article: Geography and ecology of the Everglades $506.77 per credit hour for in-state students and $851.40 per credit hour for out-of-state students Total tuition/fees:$15,593 for in-state and $25,932 for out of state, 3 Twenty-first century Miami Florida Business directory In 1960 non-Hispanic whites represented 80% of Miami-Dade county's population in 1970 the Census Bureau reported Miami's population as 45.3% Hispanic 32.9% non-Hispanic White and 22.7% Black Miami's explosive population growth has been driven by internal migration from other parts of the country primarily up until the 1980s as well as by immigration primarily from the 1960s to the 1990s Today immigration to Miami has continued and Miami's growth today is attributed greatly to its fast urbanization and high-rise construction which has increased its inner city neighborhood population densities such as in Downtown Brickell and Edgewater where one area in Downtown alone saw a 2,069% increase in population in the 2010 Census Miami is regarded as more of a multicultural mosaic than it is a melting pot with residents still maintaining much of or some of their cultural traits the overall culture of Miami is heavily influenced by its large population of Hispanics from the Caribbean and South America and blacks mainly from the Caribbean islands.
. In the 1980s Miami became one of the United States' largest transshipment point for cocaine from Colombia Bolivia and Peru the drug industry brought billions of dollars into Miami which were quickly funneled through front organizations into the local economy Luxury car dealerships five-star hotels condominium developments swanky nightclubs major commercial developments and other signs of prosperity began rising all over the city As the money arrived so did a violent crime wave that lasted through the early 1990s the popular television program Miami Vice which dealt with counter-narcotics agents in an idyllic upper-class rendition of Miami spread the city's image as one of America's most glamorous subtropical paradises! . (1,299) 2.3.1 First Cuban wave, (26.1) 81.1 Neighborhoods (24.8) 78.9 Class of 1975 & 1986, See also: Environmental impact of shipping and Shutdown of thermohaline circulation. Seaports Plantation Mobile Home Park 1.3 Establishment Media, Early settlement South Florida 2.1 1900s to 1930s: the Magic City; 15 References The Miami River lent its name to the burgeoning town extending an etymology that derives from the Mayaimi Indian tribe.[citation needed] in 1844 Miami became the county seat and six years later a census reported that there were ninety-six residents living in the area the Third Seminole War lasted from 1855 to 1858 but was not nearly as destructive as the previous one However it did slow down the rate of settlement of southeast Florida At the end of the war a few of the soldiers stayed and some of the Seminoles remained in the Everglades. .
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