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12 Further reading (23.3) 78.2 South Beach West Palm Beach (Amtrak/Tri-Rail) Silver Service Tri-Rail Palm Beach International Airport#Rail Greyhound Lines! Miami Florida Business directory, American settlers began to establish cotton plantations in north Florida which required numerous laborers which they supplied by buying slaves in the domestic market by 1860 Florida had only 140,424 people of whom 44% were enslaved There were fewer than 1,000 free African Americans before the American Civil War, Country Walk Main article: Geography and ecology of the Everglades. The Mayaimis built ceremonial and village earthwork mounds around Lake Okeechobee similar to those of the Mississippian culture and earlier mound builders Fort Center is in the area occupied by the Mayaimis in historic times They dug many canals as other earthworks to use as pathways for their canoes the dugout canoes were a platform type with shovel-shaped ends resembling those used in Central America and the West Indies rather than the pointed-end canoes used by other peoples in the southeastern United States. In terms of land area Miami is one of the smallest major cities in the United States According to the U.S Census Bureau the city encompasses a total area of 56.06 sq mi (145.2 km2) of which 35.99 sq mi (93.2 km2) is land and 20.08 sq mi (52.0 km2) is water That means Miami comprises over 470,000 people in about 36 square miles (93 km2) making it one of the most densely populated cities in the United States along with New York City San Francisco Boston Chicago and Philadelphia, International student 6.7% N/A N/A 1.3 Cuban and Latino influences, Health and Life Sciences I and II 2000.

Estimated numbers of Calusa at the beginning of the Spanish occupation ranged from 4,000 to 7,000 the society declined in power and population; by 1697 their number was estimated to be about 1,000 in the early 18th century the Calusa came under attack from the Yamasee to the north They asked the Spanish for refuge in Cuba where almost 200 died of illness Soon they were relocated again to the Florida Keys, 1850 159 -64.3% Miami International University of Art & Design (private) The FIU School of Architecture is the most competitive in Florida with the lowest admission rate in the state at 14% (2011) for Fall 2009 the School of Architecture received over 1,000 applications for the first-year Master of Architecture program with 60 being accepted giving the School of Architecture a 6% admissions rate the average high school GPA for the freshman class in the School of Architecture was 3.98 also making it one of the most selective schools at FIU. . The student-governed AU Student Council works to encourage build and maintain strong connections between students academic faculty and the administrative staff in order to foster a positive learning environment it gives students a platform to express ideas and be actively involved in their academic community, Knight Concert Hall Climate In 1810 parts of West Florida were annexed by proclamation of President James Madison who claimed the region as part of the Louisiana Purchase These parts were incorporated into the newly formed Territory of Orleans the U.S annexed the Mobile District of West Florida to the Mississippi Territory in 1812 Spain continued to dispute the area though the United States gradually increased the area it occupied in 1812 a group of settlers from Georgia with de facto support from the U.S federal government attempted to overthrow the Floridan government in the province of East Florida the settlers hoped to convince Floridans to join their cause and proclaim independence from Spain but the settlers lost their tenuous support from the federal government and abandoned their cause by 1813. Miami Art Deco District Main article: Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan, Pahokee The Miami Dolphins play at Hard Rock Stadium in suburban Miami Gardens while the Florida Panthers play in nearby Sunrise at the BB&T Center; MacArthur Causeway Downtown and South Beach 1920 Calusa and Tequesta This map made by the U.S military shows the term "Everglades" was in use by 1857. Toll Florida 878.svg State Road 878 (Snapper Creek Expressway), Miami Florida Business directory, In time the civil right's task force developed into a trust that was given the charge of re-opening the park as an open green space for a multi-cultural society the restoration process was divided into two major areas: environmental and historical the trust undertook the daunting task of removing all exotic vegetation from the park while replenishing the landscape with native vegetation in August 2002 the site was placed on the National Register of Historic Places and given a Florida Historical Marker. Source = PRISM Climate Group In 1988 English was affirmed as the state's official language in the Florida Constitution Spanish is also widely spoken especially as immigration has continued from Latin America Twenty percent of the population speak Spanish as their first language Twenty-seven percent of Florida's population reports speaking a mother language other than English and more than 200 first languages other than English are spoken at home in the state.